Ngā āhuatanga, ngā rerekētanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā momo whā tekau mā whā
Ko ngā peera te wāhanga tino nui o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu. Ko tana mahi matua he tautoko i te tinana hurihuri miihini hei whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku o te kawenga miihini o ngā taputapu i te wā e tukuna ana.
E ai ki te ahunga o te peera, ki te koki whakapā ingoa rānei, ka wehea te peera ki: te peera radial me te peera pana.
E ai ki te momo huānga hurihuri, ka wehea kia rua: te peera pōro, te peera roera.
E ai ki te taea te whakarārangi mēnā ka taea te whakarārangi, ka wehea kia rua: te peera whakarārangi-ake, te peera kore-whakarārangi-ake (peera pakari).
E ai ki te maha o ngā pou o ngā huānga hurihuri, ka wehea kia: te peera rarangi kotahi, te peera rarangi rua, me te peera rarangi maha.
E ai ki te taea te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga, ka wehea kia rua: te whāriki ka taea te wehewehe, me te whāriki kāore e taea te wehewehe.
Hei tāpiri, he whakarōpūtanga anō kei runga i te āhua me te rahi o te hanganga.
E whakapuaki ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā āhuatanga, ngā rerekētanga me ngā whakamahinga e pā ana ki ngā peera noa e 13.
1. Ngā peera pōro whakapā koki
He koki whakapā kei waenganui i te mowhiti me te pōro, ko te koki whakapā paerewa he 15°, 30° me te 40°, ko te nui ake o te koki whakapā, ko te nui ake o te kaha kawenga tuaka, ko te iti ake o te koki whakapā, ko te pai ake mō te hurihanga tere-teitei, ka taea e te peera rarangi kotahi te pikau i te kawenga radial me te kawenga tuaka kotahi-angihanga. I roto i te hanganga, e rua ngā peera pōro whakapā koki rarangi kotahi me te huinga taha muri e tohaina ana ngā mowhiti o roto me waho, ā, ka taea te pikau i ngā kawenga radial me ngā kawenga tuaka rua-angihanga.
Ngā tono matua:
Rārangi kotahi: te poupou taputapu mīhini, te motuka auau-tiketike, te tāpine hau, te wehewehe toriti, te wira o mua o te motuka iti, te pou pinion rerekētanga.
Rārangi rua: papu hinu, pupuhi pakiaka, pēhi hau, ngā momo tuku, papu werohanga wahie, mīhini tā.
2. Ngā peera pōro whakahāngai-ake
He porowhita te momo porowhita o ngā pōro maitai rarangi-rua, ā, ka taea te whakarite aunoa i te hē o te pou i puta mai i te piko, i te hē rānei o te pou, o te whare rānei, ā, ka taea te whakairi ngāwari i te peera pūwero ki runga i te pou mā te whakamahi i ngā whakapiri, hei pikau i ngā kawenga radial.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā mīhini mahi rakau, te pou tuku mīhini kakahu, te peera porowhita poutū.
Kei roto i tēnei momo peera he roera porowhita i waenganui i te mowhiti o waho o te ara reihi porowhita me te mowhiti o roto o te ara reihi takirua, e ai ki ngā hanganga o roto, ka wehea kia whā ngā momo: R, RH, RH me SR, nā te mea he rite te pokapū pewa o te ara reihi mowhiti o waho ki te pokapū o te peera, ā, he mahi whakatikatika-ake tōna, nō reira ka taea e ia te whakarite aunoa i te he o te pou i puta mai i te piko, te he rānei o te pou, te anga rānei, ā, ka taea te pikau i te kawenga radial me te kawenga tuaka rua-ara.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: mīhini hanga pepa, taputapu whakaiti, toki waka tereina, nohoanga pouaka miihini mira hurihuri, tēpu roera mira hurihuri, kuru, mata wiri, mīhini tā, mīhini mahi rakau, momo whakaiti ahumahi, peera whakahāngai-whaiaro poutū me ngā nohoanga.
4.Ngā peera roera porowhita pana
Kei roto i tēnei momo peera ngā roera porowhita e whakaritea ana ki te taha whakarara, nā te mea he porowhita te mata o te mowhiti nohoanga, ka taea te whakarite i a ia anō, kia maha ai ngā piko o te kakau, he nui rawa te kaha kawenga tuaka, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te pikau i te maha o ngā kawenga radial i te wā e pikau ana i te kawenga tuaka, ā, ko te hinu whakahinuhinu te tikanga e whakamahia ana i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā miihini hiko wai, ngā motuka poutū, ngā toki poroporo mō ngā kaipuke, ngā whakaiti mō ngā tīwiri hurihuri i roto i ngā mira hurihuri maitai, ngā kerēne pourewa, ngā mira waro, ngā miihini whakaputa, ngā mīhini hanga.
He roera tēpu porowhita ēnei peera, e ārahihia ana e te mowhiti ā-roto nui, he mea hanga kia tūtaki ai ngā pito o te mata o te ara reihi mowhiti ā-roto, te mata o te ara reihi mowhiti ā-waho me te mata whāiti o te mata hurihuri roera ki tētahi pūwāhi i te raina pokapū peera. Ka taea e ngā peera rarangi kotahi te tu atu ki ngā kawenga tuaka radial me te unidirectional, ā, ka taea e ngā peera rarangi rua te tu atu ki ngā kawenga tuaka radial me te bidirectional, he pai mō te kawe i ngā kawenga taumaha me ngā kawenga ru.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā motuka: ngā wira o mua, ngā wira o muri, ngā tuku, ngā rerekētanga, ngā toki pinion. Ngā miro taputapu mīhini, ngā mīhini hanga, ngā mīhini ahuwhenua nui, te taputapu whakaiti taputapu waka tereina, te kaki hurihuri o te mira hurihuri me te taputapu whakaheke tere.
6.Ngā peera pōro awaawa hohonu
I roto i te hanganga, he ara rere tonu te rere o ia mowhiti o te peera pōro hohonu, ā, ko te wāhanga whakawhiti he tata ki te hautoru o te porowhita o te ekueta o te pōro. Ko te nuinga o ngā peera pōro hohonu e whakamahia ana hei pikau i ngā kawenga radial, engari ka taea hoki te pikau i ētahi kawenga axial.
Ina piki ake te ātea radial o te peera, he rite ōna āhuatanga ki ngā peera pōro whakapā koki, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā kawenga axial e whakawhitiwhiti ana i ngā taha e rua. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu momo peera o te rahi kotahi, he iti te tauwehenga waku o tēnei momo peera, he tere mutunga teitei, he tino tika hoki, ā, koinei te momo peera e pai ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi ina whiriwhiri ana i te momo.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā motuka, ngā tarakihana, ngā taputapu mīhini, ngā motuka, ngā papu wai, ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ngā mīhini kakahu, me ētahi atu.
Kei roto i tēnei he mowhiti ara reihi āhua-horoi me te ara reihi me te huihuinga pōro me te whare herehere, ā, ko te mowhiti ara reihi e uru ana ki te pou e kiia ana ko te mowhiti pou, ā, ko te mowhiti ara reihi e uru ana ki te whare e kiia ana ko te mowhiti nohoanga. Ka honoa te whāriki ara-rua ki te pou huna o te mowhiti waenga, ā, ka taea e te whāriki ara-kotahi te pikau i te kawenga tuaka ara-kotahi, ā, ka taea e te whāriki ara-rua te pikau i te kawenga tuaka ara-rua (kāore tetahi o ēnei e taea te pikau i te kawenga radial).
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā pine urungi waka, ngā poupou taputapu mīhini.
8.Ngā peera roera pana
Ka whakamahia ngā peera roera pana hei pikau i te kawenga tuaka hei pou matua, te kawenga whakakotahi ā-waenga, engari kaua te kawenga ā-waenga e neke ake i te 55% o te kawenga tuaka. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu peera roera pana, he iti ake te tauwehenga waku o tēnei momo peera, he tere hurihuri teitei ake, ā, he kaha ki te whakarite i a ia anō. Ko ngā roera o te peera 29000 he roera porowhita kore-taurite, ka taea te whakaiti i te reti whanaunga o te rakau me te ara reihi i roto i te mahi, ā, he roa, he nui hoki ngā roera, he nui te diameter, he nui te maha o ngā roera, ā, he nui te kaha kawenga.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā whakaputa hiko wai, ngā matau kerēni.
Ko ngā roera o ngā peera roera porotaka e arahina ana e ngā parirau e rua o te mowhiti peera kotahi, ā, ko ngā roera whare herehere me ngā mowhiti arataki e hanga ana i te huinga o ngā wāhanga, ka taea te wehe i te mowhiti peera kē atu, e pā ana ki ngā peera ka taea te wehe.
He māmā ake te wetewete i tēnei momo tāutanga peera, inā koa mēnā he urunga pokanoa ngā mowhiti o roto, o waho, ngā pou me ngā anga. Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia ēnei peera hei pikau i ngā kawenga radial anake, ā, ko ngā peera rarangi kotahi anake me ngā flanges i roto i ngā mowhiti o roto, o waho hoki ka taea te tu atu i ngā kawenga tuaka iti pumau, i ngā kawenga tuaka nui rānei.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā motuka nui, ngā miro o ngā taputapu mīhini, ngā pouaka toki, ngā toki porotaka o te miihini tīhiera, ngā motuka, ngā pouaka iti me te nui o te mahara, me ētahi atu.
Ka taea e ia te pikau i te kawenga radial me te kawenga tuaka rua-aronga, ka taea e te peera kotahi te whakakapi i te peera pōro whakapā koki o te huinga o mua, o te huinga o muri rānei, ā, he pai mō te pikau i te kawenga tuaka parakore, i te kawenga hiato rānei me te wāhanga kawenga tuaka nui, ka taea e tēnei momo peera te hanga i tētahi o ngā koki whakapā ina pikau ana i te kawenga tuaka i tētahi ahunga, kia mau tonu ai te mowhiti me te pōro ki ngā taha e rua o te raina whakapā.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā miihini rererangi, ngā tāpine hau.
11.Ngā peera roera porotaka pana
Kei roto i tēnei he mowhiti ara reihi āhua-horoi (mowhiti poutū, mowhiti nohoanga) me te huihuinga roera porotaka me te whare herehere. He mea mīhini ngā roera porotaka ki te āhua pūngāwerewere, nō reira he ōrite te tohatoha pēhanga i waenga i ngā roera me te mata o te ara reihi, ā, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā kawenga tuaka kotahi te ahunga, me te kaha kawenga tuaka nui me te pakari tuaka kaha.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: ngā taputapu keri hinu, ngā mīhini rino me te maitai.
Ko te whāriki wehewehe he mowhiti ara reihi me te huihuinga roera ngira me te whare herehere, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi me te mowhiti ara reihi angiangi kua tāia, he mowhiti ara reihi matotoru rānei kua tapahia. Ko te whāriki kore-wehe he whāriki whakauru kua tāia ki te mowhiti ara reihi me te huihuinga roera ngira me te whare herehere, ka taea te pikau i te kawenga tuaka kotahi-aronga, he iti te wāhi e nohoia ana e tēnei momo whāriki, he pai mō te hoahoa kiato o te mīhini, ā, ko te nuinga o rātou he whakamahi noa i te huihuinga roera ngira me te whare herehere, ā, ko te mata whakairi o te rakau me te anga e whakamahia ana hei mata ara reihi.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: Ngā taputapu tuku mō ngā motuka, ngā mīhini ngaki whenua, ngā taputapu mīhini, me ētahi atu.
13.Ngā peera roera whakarara pana
He roera tēpu porowhita tēnei momo peera (he porowhita te pito nui), ka ārahi tikahia te roera e te mowhiti ara reihi (mowhiti poutū, mowhiti whare), mā te hoahoa ka honoa te mowhiti poutū me te mata ara reihi o te mowhiti nohoanga me te tihi o ia mata kōniko o te mata hurihuri roera ki tētahi pūwāhi i te rārangi pokapū peera, ka taea e te peera kotahi-ara te pikau i te kawenga tuaka kotahi-ara, ā, ka taea e te peera rua-ara te pikau i te kawenga tuaka rua-ara.
Ngā tono matua:
Kotahi te ara: te matau kereini, te hurihuri o te waka hinu.
Ahunga-rua: te kaki hurihuri o te mira hurihuri.
14.Ngā peera pōro porowhita me ngā nohoanga
Ko ngā peera pōro porowhita kua whakairihia he peera pōro porowhita o waho me ngā hiri i ngā taha e rua me ngā whare whakarewa (he pereti maitai rānei kua tāia). He rite te hanganga o roto o te peera pōro porowhita o waho ki te peera pōro awaawa hohonu, engari he whānui ake te mowhiti o roto o tēnei momo peera i te mowhiti o waho, ā, he mata porowhita porowhita te mata o waho o te mowhiti o waho, ka taea te whakarite i a ia anō ina honoa ki te mata porowhita kōpiko o te nohoanga peera.
Ngā whakamahinga matua: te keri maina, te whakarewa, te ahuwhenua, te ahumahi matū, te kakahu, te tā me te tae. Ngā mīhini kawe, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Maehe-31-2025
