Hanganga, Tautuhinga, me ngā Tikanga Tautoko o te Peihana Porowhita
I. Ngā Whakaritenga Mahi me te Whakamahinga oNgā Peera Porowhita
Kei roto i ngā peera porowhita ngā peera tokotoko hono me ngā peera matua. Ko tā rātou mahi he tiaki i ngā pūwero me ngā poka peera, me te whakaiti i te waku me te pakaru. Ka hurihia e rātou te kaha hau e tukuna ana mai i te huihuinga tokotoko hono-piston ki te taipana mō te putanga o waho. Ka whakamahia hoki ēnei hei taraiwa i te tereina takirere o te miihini me ētahi atu taputapu āwhina.
Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamahinga: Ka taea e ēnei katoa te tu atu ki ngā kawenga tauutuutu me te waku tere; nō reira, me nui te kaha o ngā rauemi peera ki te ngenge, ki te iti o te waku, ki te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te waikura.
II. Hanganga oNgā Peera Porowhita
Ko ngā peera tokotoko hono me ngā peera matua he anga peera o runga, o raro hoki kua honoa ngātahi. Ko ia anga peera he mea hanga ki te paparanga maitai me te paparanga koranu ārai-waku, he paparanga maitai rānei, he paparanga koranu ārai-waku, me te paparanga whakakikorua ngohengohe. Ko te mea tuatahi ka kiia he anga peera paparanga-rua, ko te mea tuarua ka kiia he anga peera paparanga-toru.
1. Papa Whakamuri Rino me te Papa Ārai-waku
Ko te papa rino te rauemi turanga o te anga peera, he mea hanga ki te rino waro-iti te matotoru 1-3mm. Ko te paparanga ārai-waku he koranu ārai-waku matotoru 0.3~0.7mm, he ngohengohe, ā, ka taea te tiaki i te porowhita.
Ngā rauemi paparanga ārai-waku:
(1) Koranu mā (koranu Babbitt): He pai te mahi ārai-waku, engari he iti te kaha miihini, he ngoikore hoki te ātete ki te wera. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā miihini penehīni he iti ngā kawenga.
(2) Koranu parahi-mata: He kaha miihini teitei, he kaha kawe kawenga teitei, ā, he ātete wera pai. He nui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā miihini tīhiera kawenga teitei. Heoi, he ngoikore tana mahi ārai-waku.
(3) Koranu konumohe: E toru ngā momo: koranu konumohe-antimony-konupora, koranu konumohe iti-tine, me te koranu konumohe nui-tine. He pai ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā mea tuatahi e rua, he kaha hoki te kawe kawenga, engari he ngoikore te mahi ārai-waku. E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā miihini tīhiera; he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini me te mahi ārai-waku o tēnei mea tuarua, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā miihini tīhiera me te penehīni.
2. Te whakanoho i te kī me te awa hinu
He kī tūnga kei te peera tokotoko hono, e whakamahia ana hei whakauru ki roto i te awaawa tūnga o te pito nui o te tokotoko hono me te taupoki tokotoko hono i te wā tāutanga hei ārai i te nekehanga whakamua, whakamua rānei o te peera. He kōhao hinu me ngā awaawa hinu anō hoki kei te rakau peera, me whakarite kia rite ki ngā kōhao hinu e rite ana i te wā tāutanga.
III.Te Peera PorowhitaTe Whakauru i te Kaha Koreutu me te Whakararuraru
1. Te Kaha Koreutu: He paku nui ake te pūtoro piko o te rakau whāriki i tōna āhua koreutu i te pūtoro o te nohoanga whāriki. Ko te rerekētanga o te whānui ka kiia ko te kaha koreutu, ko te whakatuwheratanga rānei. Mō ngā miihini penehīni, ko te tikanga he 0.8~1.5mm, ā, mō ngā miihini tīhiera, ko te 1.5~2.5mm.
2. Taunga Whakararuraru: Nā te mea he paku nui ake te porowhita o waho o te rakau whāriki i te porowhita o te nohoanga whāriki, ka puta he taunga whakararuraru i muri i te whakakīkī i ngā pūtu o te tokotoko hono. Mā tēnei ka kore te rakau whāriki e hurihuri, e neke, e wiri rānei i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka taea ai te taunga piri i waenganui i te rakau whāriki me te nohoanga whāriki hei whakahaere i te mararatanga o te wera. Ko te iri o te whāriki he 0.04~0.09mm te nuinga.
Tirotiro: Whai muri i te tāutanga o te peera ki te nohoanga peera, whakaukia ngā pūtu i ngā taha e rua ki te taipana kua tohua e te kaihanga. Kātahi, wetekina rawatia te pūtu i te taha kotahi, ā, whakamahia he ine ine hei tirotiro i te āputa i waenga i te nohoanga peera peera me te pūtu peera. Ko tēnei āputa ko te iri o te peera. IV. Te Pere Pana o te Porowhita
Te Mahi a te Peera Tōia o te Porowhita: Ina neke te waka, ka tukuna e te pētera mamau te tōia tuaka ki te porowhita, ka puta te nekehanga tuaka. Ka pāngia te mahi noa o te huihuinga tokotoko honohono piston e te nekehanga tuaka nui rawa, ka whakararuraru hoki i te wā tika o te takirere me te wā werohanga miihini tīhiera. Me whai peera tōia hei whakarite i te tūnga tuaka o te porowhita.
Ka taea anake te tāuta i ngā peera pana ki te wāhi kotahi kia taea ai e te porowhita te whakawhanui noa i te wā e wera ana. Ko ngā momo matua ko:
1. Anga anga whariki
2. Ngā horoi pana haurua-porowhita
3. Ngā horoi pana porowhita
Ngā Whakatūpato Tāutanga: Ko te taha o te horoi pana me te paparanga ārai-waku (te taha me te awaawa hinu) e anga ana ki ngā wāhanga hurihuri. Ina neke whakamua te toki porotaka, ka mau te horoi pana o muri i te pana axial; ina neke whakamuri, ka mau te horoi pana o mua i te pana axial.
Te Whakatikatika i te Ātea Tuaka: Whakakapia ki ngā mīhini horoi pana o ngā matotoru rerekē, whakarerekētia rānei te matotoru o ngā mīhini horoi pana. (Ko te paerewa i te nuinga o te wā ko te 0.07~0.17mm, me te rohe whakaaetia o te 0.25mm).
V. Ngā Tikanga Tautoko Porowhita
Ko te porotiti me te porowhita matua i waenganui i ia porotiti e rua e tata ana ka kiia he porotiti tautokona katoa; ki te kore, ka kiia he porotiti tautokona hapa.
1. Porowhita Ārai Tino Tautokona:
Ngā Painga: Ka whakanui ake i te pakari o te toki porowhita me te kaha piko; ka whakaiti i te kawenga ki runga i ngā peera matua.
Ngā Huakore: Ka whakanui ake i te maha o ngā mata mīhini i runga i te porowhita, ka whakanui ake i te maha o ngā whāriki matua, ā, ka whakaroa ake i te poraka miihini.
Ngā Whakamahinga: He whānui te whakamahinga; ko te tikanga whānui ka whakamahia e ngā miihini tīhiera tēnei tikanga tautoko.
2. Porowhita Āpiti-Tautoko:
Ngā Painga: Ka whakapoto i te roa o te porowhita, ka whakaiti i te roa katoa o te mīhini.
Ngā Huakore: Me nui ake te kawenga ki runga i ngā peera matua.
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ka taea e ngā miihini penehīni he iti ake te kawenga e hiahiatia ana te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-06-2026
