He aha te peera hau
Te whāngai, ki taku whakaaro ka mōhio te katoa, ko tā tātou peera hurihuri e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te mea tino mōhiotia, he wāhanga nui o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu o nāianei. Nō reira, he aha te peera hau?
Te peera hauHe peera papatahi e whakamahi ana i te hau hei hinu whakahinuhinu. Ko te hau te hinu whakahinuhinu hau e whakamahia whānuitia ana, engari ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hauota, te ākona, te hauwai, te hēriuma, te hauhā rānei ina hiahiatia.
I roto i ngā pūwhakakī hau, ngā kaiwhakawhanake me ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti, ka whakamahia pinepinetia te rauemi mahi hei hinu whakahinuhinu.
Ko te whāngai hau e pā ana ki te whāngai e tautoko ana i te kawenga mā te awhina o te kiriata hau pēhanga i hangaia i waenganui i te mata o te takirua reti whāngai, ā, ka wehea rawatia te mata o te takirua reti e te kiriata hau i te wā e mahi ana.
Ko ngā peera hau kei roto i ngā peera reti wai i roto i ngā peera reti, he mea whakahinuhinu ki te wai i te wā e mahi ana, ā, ko te hau te mea whakahinuhinu.
Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā peera hau
E ai ki te tikanga hanga o te kiriata hau pēhanga, e rua ngā momo matua o ngā peera hau: ngā peera aerodynamic me ngā peera aerostatic.
Ka hangaia te kiriata hau pēhanga o te peera aerodynamic mā te kawe mai i te hau ki te rohe huihuinga i waenga i ngā mata o ngā takirua reti mā te nekehanga tahi o ngā takirua reti, ā, he āhua porowhita te āhua o te kiriata hau. Nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he pūtake hau o waho mō ngā peera aerodynamic, ka kiia hoki ko ngā "peera mahi-ake".
Ka hangaia te kiriata hau pēhanga o te peera aerostatic mā te hau kōpeke o waho e whakaurua ana mā te pūwero i waenganui i te mata o te takirua reti. Me whai puna hau o waho ma ngā peera aerostatic.
Ngā āhuatanga o te peera hau
(1) He tino iti te ātete ki te waku
Nā te mea he iti iho te matotoru o te hau i tō te wai, ko te matotoru o te hau i te pāmahana rūma he 1/5000 noa iho i tō te hinu miihini Nama 10, ā, he rite tonu te ātete waku o te peera ki te matotoru, nō reira he iti iho te waku o ngā peera hau i tō ngā peera wai kua whakahinuhinuhia.
(2) Whānuitanga o ngā tere e tika ana
He iti te ātete ki te waku o te peera hau, he iti te pikinga pāmahana, ā, kāore te pikinga pāmahana e neke ake i te 20~30 °C ina eke te tere ki te 50,000 rpm, ā, tae noa ki te 1.3 miriona rpm te tere. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā peera waipū mō ngā tere tino iti, tae noa ki te kore tere.
(3) Whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana e tika ana
Ka noho tonu te hau hei hau i roto i ngā whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana, ā, he iti noa te pānga o te pāmahana ki tōna matotoru (ka piki ake te matotoru i te pikinga o ngā pāmahana, hei tauira, mai i te 20°C ki te 100°C, ka piki ake te matotoru o te hau mā te 23%), nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i ngā peera hau i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te -265°C ki te 1650°C.
(4) Te kaha kawe iti
He rite tonu te kaha o te kawe i te peera wai-ā-tinana ki te matotoru, ā, ko te kaha kawe o te peera hau he torutoru noa iho ngā hauwhā mano o te rahi ōrite o te peera wai-ā-tinana. Nā te kaha pēhi o te hau, he rohe kei te kaha kawe kawenga o te peera hau-ā-tinana, ā, ko te kawenga mō ia waeine horahanga matapae ka taea anake te whakanui ake ki te 0.36 MPa.
(5) Ngā whakaritenga mō te tika o te tukatuka
Hei whakapai ake i te kaha kawe kawenga me te pakari o te kiriata hau o ngā peera hau, he iti iho i te 0.015 mm te tawhiti o te peera (iti iho i te 0.015 mm) te tikanga, pērā i te tawhiti o ngā peera kua pania ki te hinu wai, ā, me whakapai ake te tika o ngā wāhanga.
Te whakamahinga o ngā peera hau
Ko te peera hau he momo peera hou e whakamahi ana i te kaha pūmanawa hau hei tautoko.
Ko te hau anake te hinu whakahinuhinu e whakamahia ana; nō reira, he mea tino pai te hangarau kawe hau mō ngā wāhanga mahi me kore he poke, mō ngā taiao mahi rānei.
I roto i ngā whāriki hau, ka whakakapia ngā pōro ki ngā urunga hau. Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga rongonui mō ngā whāriki hau ko te waka rererangi hōpara.
Ka pupuhihia te hau e te hau nui i raro i te waka rererangi, ka ārai i te putanga o te hau mā roto i te "remu" rapa. Mā te pēhanga hau teitei i hangaia i raro i te waka rererangi ka tautoko i te taumaha o te anga, ā, ka mānu i runga i te urunga hau.
Kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā peera hau, ā, kua rangahaua whānuitia, kua kaha hoki. I tēnei wā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā peera hau i roto i ngā mīhini kakahu, ngā mīhini taura, ngā taputapu mīhini taputapu, ngā gyroscope, ngā wehewehenga whakatere tere-teitei, ngā wiri niho, ngā pouaka whakamātao e rere ana i ngā pāmahana iti, ngā whakawhanui hauwai me ngā porowhita hau e rere ana i ngā pāmahana teitei.
Wā tuku: Maehe-28-2025
